X-ray results. Art courtesy of Chiagoziem Nneamaka Orji.
THE MINISTRY OF ARTS / VISUAL ART DEPT.
The Artist Archiving Igbo Life and Spirituality through Indigenous Aesthetics
X-ray Results. Art courtesy of Chiagoziem Nneamaka Orji.
THE MINISTRY OF ARTS / VISUAL ART DEPT.
The Artist Archiving Igbo Life and Spirituality through Indigenous Aesthetics
Within the ethnic bazar that is Nigeria, it is not uncommon to see indigenous people amplifying the legacies and truths of their tribal roots. Even beyond the borders of Nigeria, the Igbo people are renowned for their entrepreneurial spirit, independent disposition, and adventurous history. But what about our arts? The gradual extinction of Igbo material culture such as masquerades, masks, native outfits, symbolisms, and folk music, can be redeemed through indigenous aesthetics rooted in various artist expressions.
I found a cause for this essay thinking about comedian, BrainJotter’s viral dance stunt with the legendary Mike Ejeagha’s ‘Ka Esi Le Onye Isi Oche’, and how it put the 1983 classic hit on the world map. Following the massive success of the viral song, the comedian visited Ejeagha’s home in Enugu to pay tribute. The legend was moved to tears at the renewed fame that the skit brought his way. There are similar motivations for writing about Chiagoziem Orji, a young woman who seeks to preserve the often neglected Omenala ndi Igbo (Igbo cultures and practices) through art. Months ago, on an ordinary day of casual scrolling through X, I discovered Orji; but her art bore praiseworthy distinctions to that of young Nigerian digital artists fairly popular on the app such as Anthony Azekwoh, Renike Olusanya, and Sanjo Lawal.
Orji’s work felt like a scolding, reminding me that I am Igbo; her website, a lecture on Igbo material culture. Her work with black-and-white patterns, digital art, and acrylic painting holds an attentiveness to the life our ancestors once had, while also stirring a covetous embrace toward their core values and philosophies. While still thinking about a way to spread the good news about her work, I sent her a message on X. She heartily agreed to a virtual interview.
EARLY BEGINNINGS
Orji’s inclinations to an artistic life stemmed from her childhood. Born in Enugu to traditionally enlightened parents, she had access to her father’s extensive library of Igbo literature. Curious about Igbo folklore and storytelling, she discovered as she read, how her mind could translate the words into images. Unlike many secondary schools in the southwestern part of Nigeria where I grew up, the Igbo Language is a prominent subject in the eastern region, and Orji was surrounded by a crochet-artist grandmother and mother; as well as a brother with whom she took turns telling folktales in Igbo. She enjoyed playing with colours so much so that her parents, who took note of this burning passion, later encouraged her to pursue a career in arts.
After studying a book titled Choosing a Career gifted by her father, and showing her cardboard drawings, her mother suggested she should study art. Although she never took Fine Art classes in secondary school, her parents convinced the principal to let her take the subject in WAEC. According to Orji, this alignment of everything cemented that she was destined to be a visual artist. While she had been bothered by the tattered lives of roadside artists displaying their tired pieces, the teenage girl was determined to create a different life for herself. In 2016, she was admitted into the University of Nigeria, Nsukka to study Fine and Applied Arts and later graduated with a major in Fashion Design.
THE ARTIST’S PROCESS
The intensity of Orji’s knowledge about Igbo traditions fuels and serves as a major influence in the art she creates. Raised in a highly spiritual family and surrounded by intentional Igbo culture, Orji was shocked to discover that the songs, chants, and dances that were a substantive part of her childhood had quickly fallen away. While globalization and modernization continue to influence our consumption tendencies, most especially of art, she understands her work as a lifetime commitment. Through her native doodling and digital art pieces, she exaggerates her characters for effect, to provoke a sense of rootedness in everyone who beholds them.
While in art school, Orji learned to paint. Motivated by Eziafo Okaro and other uli classicist painters, she was particularly drawn to uli design, the ancient celebrated artform practiced by Igbo women for hundreds of years. According to Professor Kyrdz Ikwuemesi in a 2019 essay, ‘uli is an ideogram that viscerally describes the multifaceted worldview and philosophy of Igbo people using abstract and minimalist wall and body designs.’ He noted that although the designs appear outwardly abstract, they are in fact, directly representational in form.
This reminded me of my introduction to uli art design in Nollywood films, through depictions of what pre-colonial Igbo life was like. Such films featured mud huts bearing coloured lines and curves as well as the bodies of men and women decorated with uli patterns and shapes interpretative of the immediate environment. According to Paul Basu, a professor of anthropology at Oxford University, as early as the 1900s, uli wall art designs could be found in Agulu, Agukwu Nri, Nibo, Nise, and Amansea. These forms of aesthetics have taken the backseat in Igbo culture or merely become symbolic of what used to be. Although Orji has little experience with the era, she aims to ‘keep the art expressions of ancient Igbo women alive, while also contributing new, modern patterns to the uli design.’
Orji also derives a lot of inspiration from research literature and older novels written in Igbo. Titles like Ihe Di N’Igbo (Ejefobiri Somto), Idols or Symbols (Joseph Ezechi), The World of Ogbanje (Chinwe Achebe), and Ojaadili (a play by Odunke artists) are some of her go-to favourites for understanding the human condition from an Igbo perspective. Her creative juices are steeped in the connectedness of words and images, which is critical to helping her visualize accurately. When she hears words like ‘Udo’ or ‘Dike’, an image pops up in her head and with it, she settles to build characters and objects from scratch. For Orji, ‘the title comes before the painting or digital artwork, and every stroke aligns with the title already on ground.’ Moreso, the talented artist is appreciative of Ben Enwonwu, Yusuf Grillo, Aina Onabolu, Bruce Onobrakpeya, and lady potter, Ladi Dosei Kwali. In her words, ‘their works have formed wings with which she can put hers to flight.’
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THE AGBOGHO MMUO MASQUERADE
In addition to a high investment with her roots, Orji’s portraiture of femininity within the Igbo ecosystem also fascinated me. When a woman dies, her name is buried with her, but when a man dies, his name is passed down the family and thus preserved. With her paintings and digital art, Orji aims to mirror more feminine figures because she believes that ‘the world continues to exist on the provisions of fertility and nurture, which are the virtues of the Igbo earth goddess, Ala.’ Therefore, it is essential to recognize and preserve the names of women and female spirits in Igbo communities. The Agbogho Mmuo, the maiden spirit mask, is carved out of wood to depict and celebrate the beauty and graceful features of a young maiden in several Anambra and Enugu communities. Then the mask is adorned by a male dancer who embodies the virtuous movements of the maiden spirit during rituals and cultural performances. A twentieth-century treasure, the Agbogho Mmuo mask was used to honour the ancestors but also depicts the values of purity, beauty, and fertility.
Some months ago, when Orji visited her father in Lagos, she found old pictures of him as a child with a masquerade. She learned that this particular masquerade was native to her village, Mmaku, in Agwu town of Enugu State. The masquerade has notable similarities to the Agbogho Mmuo. Unfortunately, her father could not recall its name or whether it was still in existence. Through her craft, Orji continues to follow the evolution of the mask as a young maiden seeking knowledge about our Odinala, Igbo spirituality. In a society where you can locate a man’s origins by following his name, and where women’s names have been subconsciously erased, Orji is resurrecting feminine consciousness.
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THE SPIRITUALITY OF INDIGENOUS ARTS
When I asked Orji about her views on spirituality especially in relation with her work, she agreed that her work carries spiritual undertones. She noted that, ‘it is impossible to create indigenous art without connecting the dots with other tenets of the culture, so in this moment, I enjoy researching about Igbo spirituality.’ I realized that Orji’s works further clarify the interconnectedness of the arts, indigenous knowledge, and spiritual principles. In many studies, creativity has been described as one of the essential manifestations of spirituality. To lose one would mean to terminate the other. As Sergei Nizhnikov, a professor of philosophy, put it, ‘any truly spiritual human activity is a creative process, as creativity is one of the main characteristics of spirituality.’
Igbo deities, for instance, are characterized by symbols and material objects (either sculpted or natural) such as earth and water, among other visuals. Revered objects like the Ofo, Ikenga, Oji, have been expedient for carrying out many Igbo sociocultural practices. Amadioha is a god associated with thunder; Ala, the mother earth is sculpted as a woman with a child; the physical dimension is introduced to transcribe what is hidden in the spiritual realm, thus the significance of our art. Dr Nwanchor, after a study of Igbo sacred objects in relation to eco-spirituality, arrived at the conclusion that the non-manifestation of a deity would be directly interpreted as its non-existence. And non-existing spirit beings cannot be worshipped by Africans, including the Igbo. The perpetuation of our art forms and indigenous creativity would directly ensure the continuity of Igbo theology. We need more artists like Orji, co-creators with divinity, to ensure the circulation of indigenous art in a highly desensitized modern society.
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WHAT NOW?
While many people like to think the past is past, memory has become a valuable asset for any artistic expression. In conversation with Nzube Nlebedim, editor-in-chief of The Shallow Tales Review, Emmanuel Iduma posits that his most recent work, I Am Still With You, was a ‘grand attempt to work with, and within memory’. The book, to me, was a catalogue of attempts of a man trying to root in history his uncle who fought in the Biafran War and did not return. Iduma’s view is that revisiting history is extremely important, whether it is investigating the regular lives of people living in pre-colonial times or the tale of soldiers who fought the Biafran War and were counted as missing. Historical revisionism, whether in African literature, music, or art should not be scoffed at, but rather be embraced and celebrated. BrainJotter has forever altered how the world will see Igbo folk music—an aspect of our culture that is accessible and can be enjoyed by everyone. Orji is making material elements of our culture and spirituality accessible through digital art. With her, the truth about Igbo indigenous arts is in good hands⎈
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