Illustration by Charles Owen (blvninjv) for THE REPUBLIC.
THE MINISTRY OF ARTS / BOOKS DEPT.
The World After Wole Soyinka’s Climate of Fear
Illustration by Charles Owen (blvninjv) for THE REPUBLIC.
THE MINISTRY OF ARTS / BOOKS DEPT.
The World After Wole Soyinka’s Climate of Fear
Wole Soyinka’s Climate of Fear, published as a documentation of his remarkable 2004 Reith Lectures, is a poignant exploration of our fear-riddled globe. It is a non-fiction narrative of five compositions, solid observations, and two noteworthy qualities: its language, which, crafted in an unusual simplicity, marries facts to interventions; and its timeless relevance to our world’s affairs in ways that appear uncanny enough to merit conspiracy theories yet eerie enough to engulf us in wonder. It is a delineation of the disturbing instrumentalities employed by the purveyors of chaos in their quest to seek and consolidate control over an otherized group. The text is ‘lamentful’ and strung with critical denunciation, and its primary actor, ‘the quasi-state’—an establishment Soyinka defines as a furtive invisible power… that lays no claim to any physical boundaries, flies no national flag [and] is unlisted in any international association—puts forth a new image of perpetrators: an image neither defined by legacy media’s propaganda nor indicative of social stereotypes, but one manifested in dictators, terrorists, and disturbingly, even peddlers of democracy.
From his ‘changing mask of fear’ to ‘I am right; you’re dead,’ Soyinka highlights the polarity between what agents of the quasi-state say and do. Each of them, ranging from the Chechen insurrectionist Shamil Basayev, the Nigerian military murderers, the ‘desaparecidos’ of Latin America, the apartheid enforcers of South Africa, to the ominous state-sanctioned mercenaries of suppression in Asia, Europe, and North America, populate anarchism’s long list of adherents in varying forms. These past agents, like the fear facilitators known to us today—and indeed, both groups succeed one another in their orchestration of evil at a scale never witnessed in their times and only deserving of the most ‘unsanctimonious’ mention—are popular for their near-genius ability to essentialize wholesale slaughter. The naked senselessness and myopia of this agenda, as well as the totalizing violence it begets, constitute Soyinka’s argument on the incendiary framework of fear: the public cover for such violence changes; its primary target is freedom, and words delivered with infectious fervour are its most effective tool.
The book makes the case for the universality of man’s quest for dignity. Yet, foregrounded through its pages, is the sad recognition of power’s oppression as it denies its desired victim this basic right. Tragic, for instance, in Belfast, Northern Ireland, towards the end of The Troubles years, Soyinka recounts, was the case of the teenage suicide bombing in 2003 perpetuated as a protest against the Irish National Liberation Army’s (INLA) custom of humiliation—a culture where it is acceptable for a young man to be dragged down an alleyway and shot, and tarring and feathering were constant punishments for any Irish found behaving in ways deemed contrary to the group’s set norms or worse, caught associating with the British. It is not that these young boys woke up suicidal, suddenly, but the constant humiliating degradation meted out to them by the local officers of the INLA pushed them thus far. The root cause of the brute force is the inimical ideology that ‘I am right, which means you are wrong, which means you deserve death.’ Soyinka traces this through several other violent campaigns of ethno-nationalistic and religious supremacy across the continents. And on this, he notes that,
Dignity in the management of Community lies at the heart of our preoccupation. The global climate of fear owes much to the devaluation or denial of dignity in the intersection of Communities, most notably between the stronger and weaker ones, an avoidance of the recognition of this very entitlement, this craving, this inbred addiction, if you prefer, in chambers of negotiation, compromises, recitation of statistics and resolutions, including within the United Nations.
Victims, much more so the family and friends they leave behind, become beings besieged by the thirst for justice and troubled by the sour task of reconciling fate and faith when injustice taints their victimhood. In Africa, as in the West and the rest of the world, politics and religion are used to mule dehumanizing violence. In the frequent instances where either is caught for its blatant cruelty, there is always a story that sanitizes and justifies it, as though warring against a defenceless populace is God’s eleventh commandment on earth. It is disturbing, yes; it is concerning, absolutely, and reality, as Soyinka opines, is indeed catching up with science fiction, or shall we now simply say, history is repeating itself in a phenomenon that appears to have been cloned from fiction.
Say the climate of fear Soyinka decries begot our current dystopian situation; say nothing we are experiencing today is new in the annals of history; say to understand today necessitates the comprehension of yesterday, what then does it mean to revisit Climate of Fear in a renewed state of apprehension?
shop the republic
-
‘Kongi’s Harvest’ Print by Diana Ejaita.
₦70,000.00 – ₦75,000.00 Select options This product has multiple variants. The options may be chosen on the product page -
‘Welcome to Venice’ Print by Sarah N. Kanu.
₦140,000.00 – ₦150,000.00 Select options This product has multiple variants. The options may be chosen on the product page -
‘Women Are Different’ Print by Diana Ejaita
₦70,000.00 – ₦75,000.00 Select options This product has multiple variants. The options may be chosen on the product page -
‘Odun, 2023’ Print by Mayowa Alabi
₦70,000.00 – ₦75,000.00 Select options This product has multiple variants. The options may be chosen on the product page
shop the republic
-
₦70,000.00 – ₦75,000.00Select options This product has multiple variants. The options may be chosen on the product page
DEHUMANIZED CONDITIONS
A cloudy Friday afternoon in 2019, for example. An armed man walks into a mosque in Christchurch, New Zealand. He walks past the gate into the main hall, shooting anything and everyone in his way. Without really intending to, he leaves some alive or injured. And then, as he is a vicegerent doing God’s work of cleansing Europe of its Black and Brown strangers, he proceeds towards a second mosque to do the same thing: make them make sure not to feel safe in a white country. It happened in 36 minutes; he killed 51 beautiful souls.
Year 2023. The regurgitated disinformation of that American President, Joe Biden, incites a 71-year-old man in Plainfield, Illinois. Said man stabbed six-year-old Wadea al Fayoume 26 times. Soon after, more such incidents swelled through the US. Fatalistic violence is visited upon otherized bodies. A non-white paediatrician is stabbed to death just outside of her apartment in Conroe, Texas, by a 24-year-old white man. A gunman in Vermont shot three Palestinian students, unprovoked. There was and is a torrent of paranoia that follows these through. It crystalizes the unmistaken consequence of parroting rhetoric that generalize and dehumanize and is, as Soyinka posits,
a daily reminder never to take any political situation for granted, never to underestimate the focused energy of the quasi-state [and its agents] whose instinctive recourse to the rule of fear as a weapon of struggle drives the best mind of a nation into exile, liquidate others, and paralyzes the creative drive of a dynamic people.
Another instance. A downcast day, May 2023. The Rapid Support Force (RSF) of Sudan decided to raid a Coptic church complex in Khartoum. They proceeded in their communal formation into the courtyard and announced their presence with piercing gunshots. The leader instructed his goons: he wanted the place cleaned. An armed man entered the church. He shot the clergymen present. Others proceeded to loot the church of its valuables. In the end, they fled the premises with stolen money and the church’s gold cross. The day after this, medical doctor and humanitarian Adam Zakaria Is’haq was killed along with 13 other medical personnel at the health centre in El Geneina by the RSF soldiers.
Through these events, one thing, as Soyinka puts it, is clear: power is, paradoxically, the primordial marshland of fear, from which emerges the precipitate of man’s neurotic response to mortality. What connects Brenton Harrison Tarrant, the Christchurch terrorist, to Joseph Czuba, the murderous old man, is the same thing that binds Miles Fridrich, the murderer of the Muslim paediatrician, to Jason James Eaton, the Vermont gunman, and the Sudanese war criminals: each of them assumes within themselves the ownership of what Soyinka calls the elemental force of death. It is their way of rationalizing their inhumanity within their own uncritical minds. Their action is simply fatal but also complicated, as their criterion for determining good and evil is on par with psychopathy.
A semblance is noticeable in their operation. Language, in its most delirious ethos and pathos, is commanded across the board as a self-sustaining motivation. Like the animals in George Orwell’s Animal Farm, the oversimplified delirium of ‘they are bad; we are good; they are against us, and so they must die,’ reverberates across spatial and temporal climes. Evidence of this is in the pervasive culture of racially motivated massacres in Europe and North America in the last two decades, where white supremacists author narratives of discontent, share them, and then proceed to end the lives of random Black and Brown people. At the state level, more disturbingly, India and Israel perfect this devilry, as does Syria and ‘The Land of the Free’. These state actors institute hysterical declarations, which are then acted upon by armed state officers or triggered citizens. The reality within these territories is that, as a member of the victimized group, you are guilty until proven innocent: which means sometimes without cause, you can be summarily executed just for being what the state proclaims as bad.
In a televised national message following the audacious attack on 7 October 2023 by the Palestinian armed resistance group, Hamas, against a number of Israeli Kibbutz, two Israeli government officials addressed their nation. In their message, one, the prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, invoked the Biblical verse of genocide as he reminded his occupying nation to ‘never forget what the Amalek did,’ and the other, Yoav Gallant, the defence minister, announced that their enemies are human animals who must be treated as such. Well, the consequence of these totalizing rhetorical pronouncements is obvious for all to see. There is no accurate count of how many innocent Palestinian civilians, men, women, children, and the unborn, have been annihilated by the non-stop Israeli bombardment on Gaza ever since—although the reported figure of more than 180,000 is beyond riveting. Babies in their tens of thousands have been and continue to be starved, decapitated, orphaned, and rendered limbless while the Israeli perpetrators reinvent rhetorical fallacies to justify their senseless destruction of innocent lives. These claims, as Soyinka explains it, are:
Infectious… misleading eruption… that [has] over[taken] radicalized minds all over the world… [and is] characterized by a one-dimensional approach to all faces of reality, however varied or internally contradicting. [Their] most dangerous of these catchphrases [continues to] resurface in the minds of many [today, as such refrains as:]There are no innocents!
In the instance of Netanyahu, this criminal generalization, predicated on a contentious Biblical verse, reinvigorates anti-Arab and Islamophobic actions and inactions in what is called Israel, and the animalizing rhetoric of Gallant becomes productive in essentializing the disproportionate fatal violence meted out to Palestinians in Gaza, the Occupied West Bank, East Jerusalem, the Israeli territories, and other locales in the world. Akin to this is the Bharatiya Janata Party’s nationalistic manifestos which proscribe non-Hindus, especially Indian Muslims, as outsiders and infiltrators and emphasize their violent expulsion.
shop the republic
-
₦20,000.00 – ₦60,000.00Select options This product has multiple variants. The options may be chosen on the product page
shop the republic
POST SOYINKA’S CLIMATE OF FEAR
Soyinka’s Climate of Fear remains relevant even as the technologies of fear have grown from what they were in 2004. The proliferation of violence in Tigray by the Ethiopian National Defense Force and its allies, in Sudan by the RSF and Sudanese Armed Forces, in Ukraine and Russia, and most alarmingly, in Gaza by the Israeli Occupying Force, underscores the insipid repurposing of what he explains as the ultimate goal of fear: to dominate. Soyinka’s explanation of selective outrage, common to the so-called assembly of world order, reifies itself in the contradiction between the world’s invigorated reaction to the war in Ukraine as against its merely muted reference to the pathetic usurpation of people and minerals in Congo. We can make sense of the political cowardice [and] lack of moral will pervasive across all podiums of world influence in the face of global disregard for human lives by comprehending Soyinka’s position on the ever-changing mask of fear and how that contributes to the peculiarity of today’s climate of fear.
Let us outline a constellation of events in this new climate of fear. Since the start of the student-led worldwide protest against the dehumanization campaigns in Gaza, Sudan, Congo, and other war-torn territories, particularly Gaza, intimidation tactics such as doxing, death threats, physical and chemical violence against student activists have increased. Disregarding such proclamations as freedom of speech, student dissenters are doxed and victimized in large numbers. It is disturbing, but true, that saying NO to the killing of children like Hind Rajab—whose recorded SOS phone call to the Palestine emergency service went viral days after she was found decomposing, killed by the brutal Israeli soldiers who opened fire on her and the paramedics who went to retrieve her from where she had sat surrounded by the corpses of her family—is considered unsavoury compared to saying yes to the actions of people like the former Ambassador of America to the UN, Nikki Haley, and Mike Pence, a former Vice President of the US, who travelled all the way to the Gaza border to autograph the bombs used in the Israeli carnage. Many, mostly Black and Brown people, continue to go about their days in constant worry that a potential unhinged attacker might be triggered by their choice of clothing, or worse, their internet posts. The rise in anti-Semitism caused by the deliberate conflation of anti-Zionism with the hatred of Jews is another ticking time bomb. Despite the multigenerational campaign against police brutality, marginalized citizens across the world remain subject to the most disgusting and predatory policing. And no person of colour is exempt.
Perhaps the most diabolical representation of this fear, integrated into our technological advancements, is the fact that smartphones, originally intended to make life easier, are now the primary source of data gathering used to incite fear and violence. You may have heard about the Israeli (Occupying) Force’s tactic of intercepting Palestinians’ WhatsApp conversations solely to find out when a target is home and if they have enough family members around before blowing up the house they are sheltering in. Encrypted messages across social media platforms no longer provide privacy, as there have been reported cases where government and private security agencies have bugged the phones of persons of interest, extracting all sorts of information from their phones. Worst of all is the alarming use of artificial intelligence—like Israel and Google’s Project Nimbus, The Gospel and Lavender AI currently employed in Gaza—to determine who lives and who dies.
Against the sadistic ideal of profit over people; against the troubling mantra of historicized marginalization; against pure evil; corporations, politicians, academics, technocrats, administrators, media personalities, philanthropists, celebrities, clerics, and the average citizens of the world all play a role in the dystopia we find ourselves in. Soyinka’s Climate of Fear provides a way to understand how. Why then, 20 years later, do we remain unyielding to the abrogation of this collective tragedy?⎈
shop the republic
BUY THE MAGAZINE AND/OR THE COVER
-
The Republic V8, N3 The Enduring Voice of Wole Soyinka
₦12,000.00 Buy Now -
‘Kongi’s Harvest’ Print by Diana Ejaita.
₦70,000.00 – ₦75,000.00 Select options This product has multiple variants. The options may be chosen on the product page