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Today in 1962, Rwanda was admitted to the United N

Today in 1962, Rwanda was admitted to the United Nations. #RxHistory⏳ ⁠
⁠
On 18 September 1962, Rwanda became a member of the United Nations after it witnessed a revolution between 1959 and 1961, and gained independence on 1 July 1962.⁠
⁠
Rwanda, a small, landlocked country of three ethnic groups—the majority Hutu, the Tutsi, and the minority Twa—in East Africa, used to be ruled by a Tutsi monarchy.⁠
⁠
Rwanda was assigned to Germany at the Berlin Conference of 1884, becoming part of German East Africa. But it wasn’t until Belgium took control of the territory in 1916, during World War I, that a more direct colonial rule started.⁠
⁠
Belgium ruled both Rwanda and Burundi, the country directly south of Rwanda, jointly as Ruanda-Burundi. In 1959, in the build-up to Rwandan independence, there were tensions between the Hutu, who would be favoured by majority rule, and the Tutsi, whose role in the government could become diminished.⁠
⁠
The tensions led to the Rwandan social revolution in which the Hutu group targeted and killed Tutsi people, forcing around 120,000 Rwandans to seek refuge in neighbouring countries.⁠
⁠
The escalating violence forced Belgium to grant Rwanda its freedom, paving the way for the newly independent country to join the United Nations ten weeks later.⁠
____________ ⁠
📝: Adams Adeosun x Ugonna Eronini ⁠
📷: 1) Rwanda’s President, Gregoire Kayibanda in 1962. Sutori⁠
⁠
2) President of the Republic of Rwanda Visits UN HQ in New York, 1967. UN Photos⁠
⁠
3) A document showing that Rwanda has been admitted to the United Nations. UN Photo.

Why do many Nigerians want to leave Nigeria? #OnSi

Why do many Nigerians want to leave Nigeria? #OnSite⚡️

In our latest online essay, socio-political analyst, John Babalola, discusses the reasons why, for many young Nigerians, relocating abroad with little or no intent to return, has become a life goal.

According to Babalola ‘It is over 60 years after independence, and perhaps the most prevalent prayer in the minds of young Nigerians who make up more than 40 per cent of Nigeria’s population is the acquisition of Canadian citizenship or residency. In an online survey conducted by the Africa Polling Institute, 75 per cent of respondents—most of this figure which are aged between 18-35 years—claimed they were migrating for better opportunities. Whilst the emigrations note a longing for a “better life”, it also negatively impacts the loss of belonging young people feel to the nation. The word that has epitomized this movement for youth is “japá“, a Yoruba word that translates to “run away”. For some, the Nigerian project is one that requires abandonment.’

Read the full essay by clicking the link in our bio.
____________
📝: John Babalola

‘The narrative is always different based on who

‘The narrative is always different based on who is telling or writing the story.’ #OnSite⚡️ ⁠
⁠
Academic and contributor to our latest issue on African revolutions, Nnenna Ifeanyi-Ajufo, explains in our latest First Draft:⁠
⁠
‘Academic writings about Africa are not largely written by Africans and this has allowed for a distortion of our history. For example, there is hardly any African academic memory of the transatlantic slave trade. Africans also participated in the enslavement of fellow Africans. There were diverse means by which slaves were acquired in Africa for both internal use and external demand. However, in Africa unlike the plantations across the Atlantic, there were different forms of relationships of bondage and enslavement and conditions of servitude varied with societies. Again, stories of colonialism always paint pictures of total subjugation from the perspective of Western writers, yet, African oral accounts of such stories remind you that the discourse will always remain incomplete if there is no given consideration to an African perspective of writing such stories. The narrative is always different based on who is telling or writing the story.’⁠
⁠
First Draft is our interview column, featuring authors and other prominent figures on books, reading, and writing. Read Ifeanyi-Ajufo’s interview by clicking the link in our bio.⁠
____________⁠
📝: Nnenna Ifeanyi-Ajufo⁠
📷: Ojima Abalaka

Today in 1922, Agostinho Neto was born. #RxHistory

Today in 1922, Agostinho Neto was born. #RxHistory⏳ ⁠
⁠
On 17 September 1922, Angolan poet and president, Agostinho Neto was born in Bengo Province, Angola.⁠
⁠
Neto became known after he published a volume of poems in 1948. Afterwards, he joined a cultural movement whose aim was to rediscover indigenous Angolan cultures.⁠
⁠
Neto travelled to Portugal to study medicine. There, he became involved in revolutionary politics, which caused him to be arrested and detained many times by the Portuguese government.⁠
⁠
In 1959, Neto returned to Angola to work as a doctor but his radical opposition to the colonial government led to his arrest in June 1960. Some of his patients and supporters protested his arrest, and the police shot at them. They killed some of the protesters and injured around 200 others.⁠
⁠
Neto spent two years in prison where he completed another collection of poems. In 1962, he fled to Morocco to join the Angolan liberation movement, MPLA. He was elected the leader of the movement and, when Angola gained independence in 1975, he became the first Angolan president.⁠
⁠
Neto served as Angola’s president until he died in Russia during a surgery for cancer in 1979.⁠
____________ ⁠
📝: Adams Adeosun x Ugonna Eronini ⁠
📷: President Neto, 3 April 1975. Rob Mieremet / Anefo

Women led several anti-colonial movements across A

Women led several anti-colonial movements across Africa. #OnSite⚡⁠
⁠
Academic and contributor to our latest issue on African revolutions, Nnenna Ifeanyi-Ajufo, explains in our latest First Draft:⁠
⁠
‘There is a misconception that only men dominated the anti-colonial movements in Africa. The role played by African men is normative in the African narrative and that of women is often ascribed without a valued or marked description. Africa’s anti-colonialism discourse hardly interprets, in the first instance, the role of women towards anti-colonialism. However, African women distinguished themselves in the colonial struggle as powerful, self-determining, exceptional and yet matriarchal albeit in varying contexts. Women like Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Wambui Otieno, Bibi Titi-Mohammed, Mabel Dove-Danquah and so many others resisted, rejected and responded to colonial domination in varied ways.’⁠
⁠
First Draft is our interview column, featuring authors and other prominent figures on books, reading, and writing. Read Ifeanyi-Ajufo’s interview by clicking the link in our bio.⁠
_____________⁠
📝: Nnenna Ifeanyi-Ajufo⁠
📷: Ojima Abalaka

Today in 1975, Papua New Guinea gained independenc

Today in 1975, Papua New Guinea gained independence from Australia. #RxHistory⏳

On 16 September 1975, Papua New Guinea became independent from Australia.

Australian administration of the southern half of the country began when the Papua Act of 1905 transferred administrative control of the territory from the United Kingdom to Australia. Formerly known as the British New Guinea, it was renamed the Territory of Papua.

The northern half of the country, on the other hand, was a German colony called the German New Guinea. However, when the First World War broke out in 1914, it was captured by Australia and renamed the Territory of New Guinea.

At the end of the Second World War in 1945, the two territories were combined into the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. But it wasn’t until the Papua and New Guinea Act of 1949 that the administrative union was formally approved. The country was later renamed Papua New Guinea.

Papua New Guinea became self-governing on 1 December 1973 and, on 16 September 1975, gained independence from Australia.
____________
📝: Adams Adeosun x Ugonna Eronini
📷: 1) Raising of the ‘new’ Papua New Guinea flag at Independence Hill in 1975. Unknown Photographer via papuanewguinea.travel

2) Goroka festival, 2014. Kiara Worth

3) Musicians of Papua New Guinea, 2004. Steve Jurvetson

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