A Song for the Forgotten

The Road to the Country

Illustration by Charles Owen (blvninjv) for The Republic.

the ministry of arts / books dept.

A Song for the Forgotten

Despite the existing literature, the Biafran war remains a criminally underexplored event. The Road to the Country by Chigozie Obioma makes that canon a little less bereft.
The Road to the Country

Illustration by Charles Owen (blvninjv) for The Republic.

the ministry of arts / books dept.

A Song for the Forgotten

Despite the existing literature, the Biafran war remains a criminally underexplored event. The Road to the Country by Chigozie Obioma makes that canon a little less bereft.

The Road to the Country opens in 1967 with its hero, Kunle, at a desk writing. He is trying to ‘free himself’ of a guilt he has carried for a decade. When Kunle was nine, to spend time with his sweetheart, Nkechi, he sends his brother, Tunde, out of the house. This harmless act—throwing a football into the street for Tunde to fetch—results in a car accident that cripples Tunde. The injury severs Kunle’s relationship with Nkechi, tethering her to Tunde, and thrusting Kunle into himself, so that ‘he has no friends and has avoided—as if by some inner protestation—anything that could bring him close to anyone.’ Kunle is a law student at the University of Lagos, but he is so insular he does not know about the war brewing in his country. When he learns Tunde has followed Nkechi into Eastern Nigeria, the region now calling itself Biafra, it is this desire for absolution that propels him into finding his brother. 

This resolution of deep personal guilt amidst harrowing national devastation is an intriguing juxtaposition. In addition to being a war novel, The Road to the Country is also a quest novel, a bildungsroman, a mystical tale. Several realities are running concurrently. The novel’s other point-of-view, its framing device, a seer who is watching the events of the war 20 years in the past, refers to Kunle as Abami Eda, ‘one who will die and return to life’. In parts of the novel, Kunle is referred to as ‘the prominent star’ or more simply ‘the star’.  

In a landscape rife with death and violence, this sort of prophecy takes the focus away from the pressure of whether Kunle will survive—at least until he dies the first time—and allows one to inhabit the full carnage while still maintaining novelistic tension. Through a series of naive mishaps, Kunle finds himself in the Biafran army. Prophecy aside, Kunle is of vital dual heritage: his father is Yoruba and his mother Igbo, opposite sides of this war. By not fully understanding the scale of the situation, everything he experiences becomes an avenue for educating the reader, most of whom might not have context for the war. Kunle’s Yoruba identity means that whatever sympathy he goes on to develop arises out of witnessing the sheer inhumanity of Biafran oppression. In a time where tribal tensions in Nigeria are dangerously rising, it is a perspective that declares objectivity: one need not be tribally affiliated to recognize and decry genocide. 

ON THE FRONT LINES

Kunle, emerging out of his shell, makes friends in the Biafran army, but he also loses them. He keeps making attempts at finding his brother, which brings him into a greater understanding of the brutal political forces of the time. It is a terrible education. Kunle’s life in Lagos is legible to us: he studies, he suffers his private anguishes, but by sheer virtue of geography he is thrust into hell. There is no rest. Battle after battle, death on death on death. If it is unbearable and tedious to the reader, imagine how it must be for the soldiers, for whom there is no choice but to keep moving forward. Every minutia of the three-year-long war is reproduced: the technological advancements in the Biafran army, battles won and holdings lost, the important role of women, the treacherous moves of foreign nations, the surging and abatement of hope, and the gradual loss of spirit. There is a map of Biafra at the beginning of the book; by its end, you know the devastating toll exacted on the land, every nook and cranny of it. Obioma says he hopes for the novel to be read by the young insurgents calling for war in present-day Nigeria, a sort of reminder of the terror they are playing with. He also says that there is no Biafran novel set on the front lines. The novels set in that time-period focus on the interpersonal drama between characters for which the war is a backdrop. He is trying to fill a gap, to supply into that pantheon some pathos or delineation possible only from the point of view of the front lines.  

Once, out of hunger, Kunle robs a Biafran family at gunpoint. Elsewhere, a comrade of his shoots a man in senseless violence. Towards the end of the war, enemy soldiers come together to share food. A soldier from Calabar is aware his brother is fighting for the Nigerian army. War wrings out great complexities. But one senses, too, a limitation in the probing of these characters. They stop just as they begin to intimate depth. Like the Calabar soldier, not much thought is given to the fact that Kunle is fighting Nigeria, his country, where he has family and classmates. Yes, he was detached, but what then is explored if he simply moves through the motions? We do not inhabit the post-independence tensions that lead to the war, no perspectives from the cabinet that makes the war decisions either. We also do not hear from the little kids who join when the war effort grows desperate, or the Eastern Region’s non-Igbo tribes caught in the middle. One is curious about these things because the novel gestures in their direction, wants to be all-encompassing.  

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Kunle’s battle successes improve his ranking, but beyond the conduit through which we observe the war, one wonders what he has been chosen for. Perhaps, the novel’s argument is that witnessing is enough. The novel’s title isn’t just about the failed journey to Biafran nationhood, it is gotten from the metaphysical road Kunle embarks on after he fulfils his prophecy and dies, inhabited by the just-dead in the war, who tell their stories. The novel says, ‘It occurs to him that the only true thing about mankind can be found in the stories it tells, and some of the truest of these stories cannot be told by the living. Only the dead can tell them.’ But questions emerge here, too: in this valley are soldiers from the Vietnam war, which was happening concurrently with the Biafran war, but there are no Nigerian soldiers, or if there are they are not telling their stories. That Calabar man’s brother, when he dies, where does he go? Are there no souls who find themselves on the wrong side of the battle entirely due to happenstance? Are the dead grouped according to tribe? Shared oppression? How does it all work? 

One thinks similarly of the seer. He opens the novel; everything that happens he sees through Ifa’s bowl. Atop a lonely hill, over eight hours in a night, he sits watching all the horrors Kunle embarks on. That we register and then dispense of this device is a testament to how gargantuan the narrative of the war is. The seer’s sections come after every two to four chapters of Kunle’s, and they mostly go on for less than two pages. The sections help with time management: when the seer looks away from the vision, we can get past weeks and months in Kunle’s timeline. But it’s a difficult structure to maintain. This depiction of immobility feels repetitive. In response to Kunle’s travails the seer is ‘ecstatic’, ‘lost’, ‘struck’, ‘stifling a gasp’, ‘shocked’, ‘revelling’, ‘invested’, ‘heavy-hearted’; sometimes an animal intrudes upon him, or we get a brief backstory. The seer creates continuums: what is past for us is both future and present in the novel, his helpless watching re-enforcing Obioma’s own prophetic warning for our troubled times. The seer doubles as writer and reader. When he yells words over the fragile bridge of the bowl, Kunle can hear them; he can hear the soft flapping of birds and the barks of foxes. Given that this technology isn’t utilized any further, is it simply a prophecy for our own outstretched despair, reading? (The novel likes to predict our responses: a dead woman’s story fills Kunle with ‘profound sorrow’; a dead lieutenant makes him think, ‘What a calamity, what a waste of lives.’) Outside the seer’s sections, we are not allowed to forget there are eyes above Kunle. Often, the narration will declare, ‘Someone looking from above Kunle can see…’ Obioma has always been interested in these multiplicities, what he calls ‘mystical realism’, a subject he has explored in his earlier works, the Booker-shortlisted The Fishermen and An Orchestra of Minorities. Man acts and the gods act, and none is extricable from the other. Who can decipher their methods?  

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THE LANGUAGE OF WAR

In an army of mostly uneducated, mostly Igbo but also non-Igbo entities, the camps are polyphonic spaces, with pidgin English being the uniting tongue. The most recent attempt at capturing the promiscuous soul of our speech is in Teju Cole’s 2023 novel, Tremor, which limits its experiment to a fifth of its pages. Obioma is going for copia. There is a tonal reworking, where sentences obey English grammar but will never be constructed the way a European or American would, embedded underneath is that deliciously Nigerian twang, our suffixes, our o’s and naw’s and ehn’s. There is also a literal, physical reworking of spelling and grammar, where verbs are upset, and words like ‘thirty’ are spelled ‘taarti’. Both modes, when working well, filled me with great pleasure, but when they weren’t, as happened a greater number of times, it was dismaying.  

The point of the attempt is to establish perfect pitch, to capture or build a certain milieu out of language. If the pitch is wrong or inconsistent, the characters then begin to waver like cardboard cut-outs, caricatures. For instance, early in the novel, at the tender age of nine, where one’s language is open towards influence from every corner, Tunde and Nkechi are capable of the word ‘darling’. But somehow by the war, Tunde cannot pronounce the word anymore, it has become ‘darly’. Kunle is given the nickname ‘Kunis’ by his Igbo comrades. Later, Nkechi calls him the same thing, despite her absence from the war, as though it were commonplace for a person named Kunle to be called Kunis.  

Throughout the novel, there are syntactical constructions made shrill due to contextual usage. There is also the hierarchy of narration. When the passages present philosophical contemplations of the war, it is hard to read them in Kunle’s voice, and not Obioma’s, the disparity between those passages and Kunle’s uttered expressions too wide. (For example, Kunle exclaims the phrase ‘Oluwa mi o!’ in such an astonishing variety of circumstances.) There is never any elongated dialogue in these pidgin modes. We get a summary of whatever the speaker is saying in lovely, organized English, so that what was meant to be the lavish sprawl of character comes off as accessory. 

Obioma is a beautiful storyteller, by which I mean he fashions wonderful abodes out of words. The language sings so beautifully I had to pause one time, making a small meditation on half a sentence: ‘It is the sixth day at the front, and already he has drunk his fill of the war’s raw water.’  One aches for the destruction of a whole generation, a whole way of life. Despite the literature we have so far, the Biafran war is a criminally underexplored event—the whole of Nigerian history is criminally underexplored in her fiction—and The Road to the Country makes that canon a little less bereft

THE ROAD TO THE COUNTRY 
CHIGOZIE OBIOMA 
384 PP. HOGARTH PRESS, JUNE 2024 
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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