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Botswana

Who Was Sir Seretse Khama? Botswana’s Pacifist Revolutionary

Chioma EchebiriNovember 22, 2021
Seretse Khama made an usual mark in the arena of politics in southern Africa, but his role in Botswana’s road to independence is unheralded history. Read more.
BotswanaOctober/November 2021South Africa

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Today in 1975, Cape Verde declared independence fr Today in 1975, Cape Verde declared independence from Portugal. #RxHistory⏳

On 5 July 1975, Cape Verde achieved full independence, and Aristides Pereira became its first president with Pedro Pires as prime minister.

Until 1879, when they were split into different territories, Cape Verde was administrated jointly with Guinea-Bissau by Portugal. The island nation, alongside Guinea-Bissau, was recognized as an ‘overseas province’ during the African decolonization movements of the 1950s and its people were granted full Portuguese citizenship in 1961.

Unsatisfied by their new status, Cape Verdeans and Bissau-Guineans united to demand for complete independence and a joint nationalist movement, led by Amílcar Cabral, was born.

Read more about the Cape Verde’s independence in today’s newsletter which goes out at 6 p.m. (WAT). Sign up at the link in our bio.
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📝: Adams Adeosun and Ugonna Eronini
📷: Amilcar Cabral. Unknown Photographer
Did Nigeria gain anything from Obasanjo’s foreig Did Nigeria gain anything from Obasanjo’s foreign policies? #OnSite⚡

Olusegun Matthew Obasanjo served as Nigeria’s head of state from 1976 to 1979. And later, he served as the country’s democratically elected president from 1999 to 2007.

In this online essay, researcher and associate editor of The Republic, Afolabi Adekaiyaoja, examines Obasanjo’s time in office, and how his administrations’ foreign policies affected Nigerians. Adekaiyaoja writes that, ‘Olusegun Obasanjo is one of the most polarizing personalities in Nigeria’s history. To some, he remains the gold standard against which his successors in the Fourth Republic (1999-present) are judged and found wanting. Many others argue that his poor institutional management, domestic policy and attempts to maintain influence post-presidency have greatly damaged his image. Yet, one area that deserves to be studied is his work on Nigeria’s foreign policy.’

But, in what ways did Obasanjo’s foreign policy work benefit Nigeria? Adekaiyaoja highlights, for instance: ‘During his first term as democratic president, Obasanjo carried out 113 foreign trips, aiming to re-establish ties with allies and international organizations and to gain support for the new republic. His diplomatic engagement, and increased investment as a show of faith and support towards this democratic era, contributed to the growth of Nigeria’s GDP from an estimated $36 billion in 1999 to $166.4 billion at the end of his term in 2007. A crowning achievement of Obasanjo’s term was combining diplomatic efforts and economic negotiations, with his economic reform team, led by then-finance minister, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala in securing a cancellation of $18 billion of the country’s foreign debt. (Okonjo-Iweala is the present director-general of the World Trade Organization).
Despite the domestic challenges, the Obasanjo administration maintained a clear commitment to returning Nigeria to its place among the continent’s hegemons.’

Read the full essay by clicking the link in our bio.
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📝: Afolabi Adekaiyaoja
📷: President Olusegun Obasanjo at the River Entrance of the Pentagon, Washington, D.C. May 10, 2001. Helene C. Stikkel. / Wikimedia Commons
Today in 1994, the Rwandan genocide ended. #RxHist Today in 1994, the Rwandan genocide ended. #RxHistory⏳

On 04 July 1994, Paul Kagame and the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) took over Kigali, the Rwandan capital, finally ending the Rwandan genocide.

The genocide, which saw the death of over 800,000 Tutsis and Tutsi-sympathizers, started in April 1994. In Rwanda, today is known as Liberation Day, marking the end of the national mourning of the victims of the genocide which begins every year on 07 April.

Read more about the Rwandan genocide in today’s newsletter which goes out at 6 p.m. (WAT). Sign up at the link in our bio.
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📝: Adams Adeosun and Ugonna Eronini
📷: A survivor of the Rwandan genocide. GILLES PERESS / MAGNUM PHOTOS
‘The Madhouse’ — TJ Benson w/ @lipglossmafia ‘The Madhouse’ — TJ Benson w/ @lipglossmafia

‘Unless something sounds good to my ears or in my ear, I won’t write it. I am surprised that every time I begin a new writing project, I am coming with the confusion of a first-time writer. Unlike most other professions, previous work experience doesn’t help much with starting a new story or novel. I spend days in front of a blank screen wondering “How will I get all those sentences to fill up a book? What is a sentence?“’

Have you read this book? What did you think about it? Let us know in our comments! For more book recommendations, click the link in our bio.
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📝: TJ Benson
#ReadSomethingAfrican #TJBenson #Nigeria
Seretse and Ruth: Botswana’s love story that sho Seretse and Ruth: Botswana’s love story that shocked the world. #OnSite⚡

Botswana’s first president, Seretse Khama, was a prominent political figure who led the country to independence. His political journey, however, was not without controversy. While studying in Britain in 1947, Khama met Ruth Williams, a White Englishwoman and the daughter of a retired officer of the British army in India. The two later married and their union received so much attention that years later, in 2016, it was immortalized in a film featuring David Oyelowo and Rosamund Pike.

In this online essay, Chioma Echebiri delves into Khama’s interracial love life, which occurred in the context of strict anti-miscegenation laws that led to his wife and him being exiled in 1951. According to Echebiri:

‘The National Party government of the neighbouring Union of South Africa (present-day South Africa) heavily opposed the idea of an interracial couple ruling in Bechuanaland. Especially in light of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, an anti-miscegenation law, which South Africa’s National Party had passed in 1949 to further reinforce the apartheid system. Consequently, the government banned Khama and his wife from visiting South Africa. This ban also barred the couple from visiting Mafeking, which served as the administrative capital of Bechuanaland. The government took a step further by appealing to the British government to exercise its powers over the Bechuanaland Protectorate by stripping Khama of his chieftainship.

Britain succumbed to the South African government in order to protect its economic interests, and exiled Seretse Khama and his wife from Bechuanaland in 1951.’

Khama’s exile did not last very long, however. Learn more about his return to Bechuanaland and how he led to country into becoming the independent Botswana by clicking the link in our bio.
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📝: Chioma Echebiri
📷: 1) Beuchanaland, Khama Ruth and Seretse Khama. 1950. Margaret Bourke-White
2) Beuchanaland, Khama, Ruth and Seretse. 1950. Margaret Bourke-White.
3) Still for the movie ‘A United Kingdom’ featuring David Oyelowo and Rosamund Pike. 2016. IMDB.
Today in 2013, President Mohamed Morsi was removed Today in 2013, President Mohamed Morsi was removed from office. #RxHistory⏳

On 3 July 2013, General Abdel-Fatah al-Sisi removed Mohamed Morsi, suspended the Egyptian Constitution and installed an interim government. Morsi had been in office for only one year and four days. Following the coup, the African Union (AU) suspended Egypt from all its activities. Suspension is the AU’s usual response to any interruption of constitutional rule by a member state.

Morsi became Egypt’s first democratically elected president in June 2012. Five months into his presidency, in November 2012, Morsi issued a temporary constitutional declaration that granted him the power to pass laws without judicial oversight.

Although Morsi said that his actions were in Egypt’s interest, mass demonstrations were held against what many saw as the beginning of another dictatorship, following Hosni Mubarak’s reign.

By June 2013, the economy was crumbling, and with shortages of electricity and fuel, anger at Morsi’s government grew. On 3 July 2013, al-Sisi announced a change of government on national television. He was accompanied by leading religious and opposition figures.

Morsi died on 17 June 2019, after he collapsed in a courtroom during his trial.
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📝: Ibukun Olokode and Ugonna Eronini
📷: Mohamed Morsi. Standard UK
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