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The Republic: A Journal of Nigerian Affairs
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The Next Pandemic: Lessons from Ebola and Covid-19.

Call for Submissions – Vol. 4, No. 4 The Next Pandemic: Lessons from Ebola and COVID-19

July 8, 2020

V4, N2 The Nigerian Dream

May 1, 2020

Introducing ‘First Draft’: Our New Column Authors and Prominent Figures on Books, Reading and Writing

February 4, 2020
Look Inside Subscribe

Vol. 4, No. 2

The Nigerian Dream
IN THIS ISSUE
⎈Big Dreams and Grand Ambitions: Nigeria's Vision 2020 by Onyenekenwa Cyprian Eneh; ⎈ Nigeria's Missing Multipliers: Women, Vision 2020 and Nigeria's Legal Blindspots by Cynthia Igodo; ⎈ The 'Lion of Africa' with Cat Claws: Nigeria's Image Problem by Fife Ogunde; and ⎈ Pseudo Hope: A Discourse — On Nigeria's Vision 2020 and Future Development by Bibiana Ossai x John Babalola. Read the entire issue.  

Editors' Picks: This Eid

Selected Reading on Culture, Religion & Islam

    • Muzz Muhammad

      ‘Sometimes, Less Can Be More.’ Muzz Muhammad’s First Draft

      Muzz MuhammadJuly 29, 2020
    • This image is for our piece on Hijabs, Respectability and What it Actually Means To Be Free

      When We Talk of Freedom Hijabs, Respectability and What it Actually Means to be Free

      Hauwa Shaffii NuhuOctober 14, 2019
    • Habiba Ahut Daggash

      ‘Question Every Assumption.’ Habiba Ahut Daggash's First Draft

      Habiba DaggashJune 3, 2020
    • ‘Only Science Can Save Mankind’ Coronavirus, the Death of Religion and the Resurrection of Science

      Abdulbasit KassimJuly 3, 2020
    • Nigerian Muslim Women

      Muslim Feminism Is Here to Stay The Mutual Inclusivity of Feminism and Islam

      Wardah AbbasApril 24, 2020
    • This image is for our piece on Queerness, Colonialism, and the Power of Trust in Accra, Ghana

      Looking for Solace Queerness, Colonialism, and the Power of Trust in Accra, Ghana

      Muzz MuhammadOctober 18, 2019
    • This photo is for our piece on Between Feminism and Islam

      Between Feminism and Islam My Personal Journey from ‘Muslim Feminist’ to ‘Muslimah’

      Khadija Yusra SanusiFebruary 7, 2020
    • COVID-19 and the Palliative Force of Religion

      ‘Where is God in All of This?’ COVID-19 and the Palliative Force of Religion

      Abdulbasit KassimJune 19, 2020
    • History Keeps Me Awake at Night

      Africa Will Always Have History Art and Literature in My Sleepless Pursuit of African Pasts

      Adams AdeosunJuly 10, 2020
    • This image is for our piece on Zata Iya: A History of Hausa Feminist Writings

      Zata Iya A History of Hausa Feminist Writings

      Sada MalumfashiDecember 13, 2019
    • COVID-19, Pandemics and Reconciling Religious Faith With Science

      God the Master Scientist COVID-19, Pandemics and Reconciling Religious Faith With Science

      Abdulbasit KassimJuly 17, 2020
    • The God of Colonization And Africa’s Post-Colonial Redemption

      Alhassan Pereira IbrahimApril 13, 2018

Special Focus: COVID-19

Expert Roundtable

  • For the Community, By the Community COVID-19, Design and Handwashing Infrastructure in Nigeria

    Nifemi Marcus-Bello and Mambidzeni MadzivireJanuary 25, 2021
  • The Excessive Debt Burdens of COVID-19 Development Financing in the Pandemic

    Chimezie AnajamaMarch 31, 2021
  • Muhammadu Buhari addresses the nation on coronavirus

    ‘COVID-19 is a Big Scam’ Citizens’ Distrust and the Challenge of Combating Coronavirus in Nigeria

    Hakeem Onapajo and Jelili AdebiyiMarch 30, 2020
  • This photo is for our essay on Southern Africa's Persistent Dilemma

    Southern Africa’s Persistent Dilemma Coronavirus and the Lost Legacy of the AIDS Epidemic

    Liam James KingsleyNovember 2, 2020
  • Children and COVID-19 What Happens When a Child Gets COVID?

    Todah OpeyemiMarch 8, 2022
  • Are We Victims of Pharmaceutical Half-Truths? The Politics of Clinical Trials in Africa

    Charles BesidonneFebruary 22, 2021
  • covid 19 nigeria

    Weathering the Storm COVID-19 and the Case for Universal Basic Income in Nigeria

    Oluwaseyi SomefunJune 12, 2020
  • COVID 19 Pandemic Africans used to test drugs

    Echoes of History COVID Vaccine Tests in Africa

    Muzz MuhammadJune 5, 2020
  • Algeria protests in the midst of coronavirus pandemic.

    Algeria’s Indefinite Pause What Will COVID-19 Mean for Algeria’s Year-long Protests?

    Temi IbirogbaApril 20, 2020
  • COVID-19 and the Palliative Force of Religion

    ‘Where is God in All of This?’ COVID-19 and the Palliative Force of Religion

    Abdulbasit KassimJune 19, 2020
  • Dealing with National Health Emergencies in Nigeria COVID-19: Lessons from Polio Eradication

    Charles BesidonneAugust 19, 2021
  • Shadow Pandemic COVID-19, Women and Girls in Nigeria

    Cynthia IgodoNovember 8, 2021

The Latest Online

    • Farai Mudzingwa

      ‘Writing a Book Is Both a Solitary and Collaborative Effort’ Farai Mudzingwa’s First Draft

      Farai MudzingwaSeptember 1, 2023
    • Yejide Kilanko

      ‘Romance Is Good for the Soul’ Yejide Kilanko’s First Draft

      Yejide KilankoAugust 25, 2023
    • Ekemini Pius

      ‘My Writing Is Rarely Inspired by Societal Happenings’ Ekemini Pius’ First Draft

      Ekemini PiusAugust 18, 2023
    • Ernest Nweke

      ‘My Practice and Method of Writing Are Obsessive’ Ernest Nweke’s First Draft

      Ernest NwekeJuly 28, 2023
    • Ẹ́lọ́hór Ẹ́gbọ́rdí

      ‘A Great Story Makes Readers Genuinely Feel Seen’ Ẹlọ́hór Ẹ́gbọ́rdí’s First Draft

      Ẹ́lọ́hór Ẹ́gbọ́rdíJuly 21, 2023
    • Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani

      ‘Everyone Can Tell a Story’ Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani’s First Draft

      Adaobi Tricia NwaubaniJuly 14, 2023

From Our Latest Issue

  • Big Dreams and Grand Ambitions

    Big Dreams and Grand Ambitions Nigeria’s Vision 2020—How far?

    Onyenekenwa EnehMarch 23, 2020

Nigeria’s Missing Multipliers Women, Vision 2020 and Nigeria’s Legal Blindspot

Cynthia IgodoApril 6, 2020

Pseudo Hope: A Discourse On Nigeria's Vision 2020 and Future Development

Bibiana Ossai and John BabalolaApril 3, 2020

The ‘Lion of Africa’ with Cat Claws Nigeria’s Image Problem

Fife OgundeMarch 20, 2020
This photo is for our piece on Nigeria's Border Closure

Closed for Business Lessons from Nigeria's Border Closure

Abdulrasheed IsahFebruary 10, 2020
This photo is for our piece on Moving Beyond the Semantics, The Biafran Genocide Claim

Moving Beyond Semantics Examining the ‘Biafran Genocide’ Claim

Amarachi IhekeFebruary 21, 2020
This photo is for our piece on Nigeria and the US visa ban

A Wake-Up Call? The Recent Travel Restrictions on Nigerians

Zainab UsmanMarch 9, 2020
Nation Forgotten - Nigeria’s Neglected Pensioners

Nation Forgotten Nigeria’s Neglected Pensioners

Wole OlayinkaMarch 13, 2020

Introducing 'First Draft'

Our New Column Featuring Authors on Books, Reading & Writing

    • Introducing ‘First Draft’: Our New Column Authors and Prominent Figures on Books, Reading and Writing

      The RepublicFebruary 4, 2020
    • ‘Writer, Write.’ Moyosore Orimoloye's First Draft

      Moyosore OrimoloyeFebruary 5, 2020
    • This photo is for our piece on Ore Ogunbiyi's First Draft

      ‘Editing Feels Like Taking Vitamins.’ Ore Ogunbiyi’s First Draft

      Ore OgunbiyiFebruary 12, 2020
    • This photo is for our piece on 'The Lesson is in the Design' Merlin Uwlaka Interview

      ‘The Lesson is in Design’ Merlin Uwalaka’s First Draft

      Merlin UwalakaFebruary 19, 2020
    • This photo is for our piece on ‘The Story Comes With Its Own Style’ Sada Malumfashi's First Draft

      ‘The Story Comes With Its Own Style’ Sada Malumfashi’s First Draft

      Sada MalumfashiFebruary 26, 2020
    • This photo is for our piece on Political theorist Ẹniọlá Ànúolúwapọ́ Ṣóyẹmí’s First Draft

      ‘Finish the Damned Thing’ Ẹniọlá Ànúolúwapọ́ Ṣóyẹmí’s First Draft

      Ẹniọlá Ànúolúwapọ́ ṢóyẹmíMarch 4, 2020
    • This photo is for our piece on Dominique Otigbah's First Draft

      ‘Who has time for undecided authors?’   Dominique Otigbah’s First Draft

      Dominique OtigbahMarch 11, 2020
    • Joshua Segun-Lean's First Draft

      ‘Every Time You Decide to Write, What Is at Stake for You?’ Joshua Segun-Lean’s First Draft

      Joshua Segun-LeanMarch 18, 2020
    • Moyosore Orekoya First Draft

      ‘Talent not nurtured is useless.’ Moyosore Orekoya’s First Draft

      Moyosore OrekoyaMarch 25, 2020
    • Kọ́lá Túbọ̀sún

      ‘Language is resilient’ Kọ́lá Túbọ̀sún’s First Draft

      Kọ́lá Túbọ̀súnApril 1, 2020
    • Saratu Abiola

      ‘Are the people in this story I’m telling recognizably human?’ Saratu Abiola’s First Draft

      Saratu AbiolaApril 8, 2020
    • Oreva Olakpe

      ‘Write Something Every Day’ Oreva Olakpe’s First Draft

      Oreva OlakpeApril 15, 2020

Economic Issues

  • Electricity

    Is a Single African Electricity Market Possible? Understanding Electricity Market Reforms in Africa

    Tam AlexSeptember 1, 2023
  • Electricity Line and Sunset at Dopemu, Lagos, Nigeria

    Electrons Are Free but Not Electricity Finding the Right Price for Electricity in Nigeria

    Tam AlexNovember 18, 2020
  • Two Windows COVID-19 and the World Bank’s Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility

    Gbolahan BadmusNovember 23, 2020
  • Development via Taxes Improving Domestic Revenue Mobilization in Africa

    Daniel ChimezieDecember 31, 2018
  • Nigeria’s Expanding LPG Market The Need for Government Regulation and Investment

    Oyin KomolafeJuly 7, 2021
  • The Leaking Basket Why You, and Your New President, Should Care About Benue State

    Ayoola OladipupoJune 5, 2023
  • The Inflation Report Why Are Food Prices Increasing in Nigeria?

    Tomisin AwosikaJuly 19, 2022
  • ierra Leone’s Alluvial Diamond Industry

    Poor Institutions or Unfair Power Dynamics? Notes from Sierra Leone’s Alluvial Diamond Industry

    Shaquille GilpinJuly 6, 2020
  • Making “Made in Nigeria” Work for All A Conversation with Pax Herbals' Father Anselm Adodo

    Jamie HitchenSeptember 28, 2017
 

International Issues

  • currency union

    Putting the Cart before the Horse? The Problem with a Currency Union for West Africa

    Oluwaseyi VincentMay 11, 2020
  • The Politics of Compassion US Immigration Policy and the Conflicted American Archetype

    Aarshin KarandeAugust 12, 2017
  • What Is Going On in Burkina Faso? What to Know About the Eight Men Trapped in a Zinc Mine.

    Todah OpeyemiMay 19, 2022
  • Senegal Has Won the AFCON for the First Time Ever

    Chiamaka DikeFebruary 7, 2022
  • The ‘Lion of Africa’ With Cat Claws

    The ‘Lion of Africa’ with Cat Claws Nigeria’s Image Problem

    Fife OgundeMarch 20, 2020
  • The UK Wants to Send Asylum Seekers to Rwanda for ‘Processing’

    Tomisin AwosikaApril 14, 2022
  • Africa’s Stake in Brexit Preparing for the Inevitable

    Carlos LopesJuly 9, 2017
  • russia

    A New Global Struggle? The Long-Term Implications of the War in Ukraine for Africa

    Ejeviome Eloho OtoboJune 6, 2022
  • South Africa

    The Not-So-Free Movement of People South Africa’s Haphazard Commitment to Open Borders

    Adenike FapohundaSeptember 1, 2023
 

Historical Issues

  • The Making of a King The Historical Significance of Olu Atuwatse III

    Allegra Otsaye AyidaJuly 25, 2022
  • The Inevitable Revolutionary How Thomas Sankara Weaponized Coloniality

    Kai MoraSeptember 8, 2021
  • Biafra’s Crisis of Faith The Spiritual Legacies of the Biafran War

    Samuel F. C. DalyNovember 2, 2017
 

Political Issues

  • Politicians and Men of God The Political Manipulation of Religion in Nigeria

    Abdulrasheed IsahJanuary 25, 2019
  • Elections on Hold Between Nigeria’s Postponed Elections and Nigeria’s Electoral Outcomes

    Abdulrasheed IsahFebruary 18, 2019
  • Climate Change and Food Security The Threats and Hopes for Nigeria

    Laura Schmitt Olabisi and Saweda Liverpool-TasieJune 4, 2018
  • covid 19 nigeria

    Weathering the Storm COVID-19 and the Case for Universal Basic Income in Nigeria

    Oluwaseyi SomefunJune 12, 2020
  • #eEndSARS governance

    Looting as Catharsis #EndSARS and the Crisis of Governance in Nigeria

    Promise Frank EjioforDecember 22, 2020
  • Sọ̀rọ̀ Sókè is not a Metaphor #EndSARS and the Music Protest Tradition

    Blossom MaduafokwaMarch 10, 2021
  • President To Be Bola Tinubu is Nigeria’s Next President

    Hillary EssienMarch 1, 2023
  • The Many Sins of INEC How the 2023 Elections Exposed INEC’s Incompetence

    Chike IbewuikeApril 20, 2023
  • Pseudo Hope: A Discourse On Nigeria's Vision 2020 and Future Development

    Pseudo Hope: A Discourse On Nigeria's Vision 2020 and Future Development

    Bibiana Ossai and John BabalolaApril 3, 2020
 

Social Issues

  • #TooBigToLike Questioning ‘Choice’ in Global Surveillance Capitalism

    Aarshin KarandeAugust 20, 2019
  • Football

    A Nation in Search of Glory Where is Nigerian Football When We Need it?

    Ayoola OladipupoMarch 13, 2023
  • Scotland Has Agreed to Return 17 Benin Bronzes to Nigeria

    Tomisin AwosikaApril 19, 2022
  • ‘We Move’ The Subversive Economy of the Lagos Danfo

    Daniel AgbiboaApril 12, 2022
  • ope adedeji

    ‘I’m a Very Meticulous Writer.’ Ope Adedeji’s First Draft

    Ope AdedejiJuly 16, 2021
  • Amos Tutuola’s Unwonted Predicament A Writer's Many Controversies

    Sanya OshaAugust 30, 2019
  • African Authors

    New Discoveries The Authors We Wish We Discovered Earlier

    Peace Yetunde OnafuyeOctober 25, 2022
  • From Scramble to Boldness The Political Challenges of Africa's Youth

    Ngirinshuti ThéogèneApril 20, 2018
  • Did a New Generation Decide? Youth Participation in Nigeria’s 2023 Elections

    Busayo AkinmojuMarch 6, 2023
 

Technological Issues

  • This photo is for our essay on Southern Africa's Persistent Dilemma

    Southern Africa’s Persistent Dilemma Coronavirus and the Lost Legacy of the AIDS Epidemic

    Liam James KingsleyNovember 2, 2020
  • For the Community, By the Community COVID-19, Design and Handwashing Infrastructure in Nigeria

    Nifemi Marcus-Bello and Mambidzeni MadzivireJanuary 25, 2021
  • This photo is for our essay on A monstrous Overlap

    A Monstrous Overlap COVID-19 and the New Climate Change Imperative

    Oluwaseun OguntuaseOctober 16, 2020
  • This photo is for our post on Ebola, COVID-19 and other unprofitable diseases.

    Unprofitable Diseases Ebola, COVID-19 and the Return of Industrial Policy in Africa?

    Francisco PerezNovember 17, 2020
  • Electricity Line and Sunset at Dopemu, Lagos, Nigeria

    Electrons Are Free but Not Electricity Finding the Right Price for Electricity in Nigeria

    Tam AlexNovember 18, 2020
  • This photo is for our piece on disinformation in Nigeria

    Disinformation Era The Politics of Information in the Digital Age

    Alhassan Pereira IbrahimSeptember 7, 2019
  • Dealing with National Health Emergencies in Nigeria COVID-19: Lessons from Polio Eradication

    Charles BesidonneAugust 19, 2021
  • Computational Conscience Problematizing Freedoms in Artificial Intelligence

    Aarshin KarandeMarch 30, 2023
  • over the brink of crisis

    Over the Brink of Crisis How Nigeria Is Tackling a Cholera Epidemic

    Busayo AkinmojuSeptember 19, 2022

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The Republic
Today in 1933, Folashade ‘Shade’ Thomas-Fahm w Today in 1933, Folashade ‘Shade’ Thomas-Fahm was born. #RxHistory⌛ ⁠
⁠
On 22 September 1933, Folashade ‘Shade’ Thomas-Fahm was born. She is one of Africa’s most important designers, and a pioneering figure in Nigerian fashion.She is reputed for owning the first boutique in Nigeria and for being the first professionally-trained fashion designer in the country.⁠
⁠
Thomas-Fahm’s love for fashion began at the age of 12 when she started learning how to sew from a local dressmaker in Lagos whose shop was called ‘Sisi Sewing Shop’. In 1953, she moved to England to study nursing but after being inspired by the boutiques in London, she decided to study fashion instead at St. Martins College of Art and Design, London. She became a qualified fashion designer in 1959—becoming the first Nigerian woman to acquire a professional qualification in fashion design.⁠
⁠
In 1960, she returned to Nigeria and opened a factory and the first fashion boutique in Nigeria under the name, Maison Shade (later Shade’s Boutique), in Yaba, Lagos. She became known for using traditional Nigerian textiles such as aso oke, adire, akwete and okene to design outfits of different styles. She is the originator of several outfits including women’s kaftan, the ‘boubou’— a style she created when she feminized the male ‘agbada’ for women by reducing the volume—and the transformation of the iro into a wrapper skirt.⁠
⁠
Swipe to learn more and read more stories about Nigerian history at the link in our bio.⁠
____________⁠
📝: Tomisin Awosika, Junior Editor⁠
📷: 1) Shade Thomas-Fahm by Kelechi Amadi Obi⁠
⁠
2) Shade Thomas-Fahm at the 1957 London Earls Court Motorboat show. Shade Thomas-Fahm.⁠
⁠
3) A poster advertising Thomas-Fahm’s boutique. Shade Thomas-Fahm⁠
⁠
4) Shade Thomas-Fahm at the Simpson Street factory, in Lagos, in the late 1960s. Shade Thomas-Fahm⁠
⁠
5) Shade Thomas-Fahm. Shade Thomas-Fahm⁠
⁠
6) Shade Thomas-Fahm for This Day Style. Simi Pixel⁠
The Invisibility of the AU in Sudan. #OnSite⚡ ⁠
⁠
The African Union’s diplomatic efforts in Sudan are evidence of the difficulties the AU has faced regarding its autonomy and credibility. Although not solving all the problems, the AU’s efforts are not completely insignificant.⁠
⁠
Swipe to learn more and read more on the conflict in Sudan at the link in our bio.⁠
⁠
________________⁠
📝: Catarina Milhazes⁠
🔎: Chukwudi Ukonne, Yusuf Omotayo (@yusufomotayo), Wale Lawal (@wallelawal); Editors⁠
📷: Head of Sudan’s ruling Sovereign Council and Commander-In-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. Mahmoud Hjaj / ANADOLU AGENCY.
Today in 2013, Kofi Awoonor died aged 78. #RxHisto Today in 2013, Kofi Awoonor died aged 78. #RxHistory⏳⁠
⁠
On 21 September 2013, Ghanaian author, poet, and diplomat, Kofi Awoonor was killed in a terrorist attack on Westgate Shopping Mall in Nairobi, Kenya, where he had been attending a literature festival. ⁠
⁠
Born in 1935 in Wheta, Gold Coast, Awoonor’s works were inspired by the poetic traditions of his native Ewe people. His first poetry book, 'Rediscovery', was published in 1964, four years after he graduated from the University of Ghana. He would later go on to get his M.A. and PhD in the UK and US respectively. While in the US, Awoonor published his first novel, 'This Earth, My Brother', and, in a career that spanned 49 years, would go on to publish seven more books, including three additional books of poetry.⁠
⁠
In 1975, after about five years in the US, Awoonor returned to Ghana to head the English department at the University of Cape Coast. A few months later, he was arrested for being complicit in a plan to overthrow the military government, and was imprisoned without trial. After he was released in October 1976, he became more politically active.⁠
⁠
Swipe to learn more and read more stories about Nigerian history at the link in our bio.⁠
____________⁠
📝: Adams Adeosun x Ugonna Eronini⁠
📷: Photo 1: Ghanaian poet, Kofi Awoonor. Poetry International Foundation.⁠
⁠
Photo 2: Kofi Awoonor, in his last public appearance, a poetry master class, in Nairobi, on Sept. 20, 2013. Storymoja Hay Festival/Msingi Sasis. Christian Thompson/AP⁠
⁠
Photo 3: Awoonor’s first novel. Goodreads⁠
⁠
Photo 4: Kofi Awoonor. FH Communications Bureau
South Africa’s Haphazard Commitment to Open Bord South Africa’s Haphazard Commitment to Open Borders. #OnSite⚡ ⁠
⁠
South Africa’s migration policy highlights the contradiction between its commitment to free movement which now struggles against the AU’s Agenda 2063 and international treaties.⁠
⁠
Swipe to learn more and read more on the not-so-free movement of people at the link in our bio.⁠
⁠
_________________⁠
📝: Adenike Fapohunda (@sometimesnike)⁠
🔎: Peace Onafuye (@yetundeandboks), Yusuf Omotayo (@yusufomotayo), Wale Lawal (@wallelawal); Editors⁠
🎨: Onyinye Dike (@oxdx); Illustration / THE REPUBLIC.
Today in 1923, general elections were held for the Today in 1923, general elections were held for the first time in Nigeria #RxHistory⏳⁠
⁠
On 20 September 1923, general elections were held for the first time in Nigeria. The Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP) established under the leadership of Sir Herbert Macaulay in June 1923, won three of the four elected seats in the Legislative Council.⁠
⁠
The 1922 Nigeria (Legislative Council) Order in Council provided for a 46-member Legislative Council, only four seats out of 46 were elected, others were only provided or appointed, among which were 23 ex-officials, four nominated officials and 15 unofficial members. ⁠
⁠
As for voters, the right to vote was withheld from those who had been convicted of a crime and sentenced to death, hard labour or prison for more than a year. It was also important to be of ‘sound mind’, in order to be considered eligible to vote. Approximately 4,000 people registered to vote in Lagos, with around 450 people registering to vote in Calabar.⁠
 ⁠
Egerton Shyngle, Eric Moore and Crispin Adeniyi-Jones of NNDP won three seats and the last one went to Kwamina Ata-Amonu of the Independents Party.⁠
⁠
Swipe to learn more and read more stories about Nigerian history at the link in our bio.⁠
_______________⁠
📷: 1)  Lagos Landscape in the 1920s. National Archives UK.⁠
2) Crispin Adeniyi-Jones of NNDP. Ed Emeka Keazor ⁠
Today in 1956, the first Congress of Black Writers Today in 1956, the first Congress of Black Writers and Artists met in Paris. #RxHistory⏳⁠
⁠
On 19 September 1956, the Congress of Black Writers and Artists held for the first time, with eminent artists and thinkers like Frantz Fanon, Leopold Sedar Senghor, W.E.B. Du Bois, Aime Cesaire, James Baldwin, Richard Wright, and Nigerian painter, Ben Enwonwu, in attendance.⠀⁠
⁠
Organized by Présence Africaine, a pan-African journal which wielded strong influence in the decolonization struggle and the Negritude movement, the 1956 congress took place over four days during which issues of colonialism, slavery and Negritude were addressed.⠀⁠
⁠
Swipe to learn more and read more stories about Black history at the link in our bio.⁠
______________________________⁠
📝: Adams Adeosun x Ugonna Eronini⠀⁠
📷: The First International Congress of Black Writers and Artists meets in Paris in 1956. Du Bois’s Telegram: Literary Resistance and State Containment/Harvard University Press
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